Segue a baixo configuração do Arquillian para JBoss 7.1.1.Final:

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0>
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd>

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>br.com.emmanuelneri.blog</groupId>
    <artifactId>javaee</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Java EE</name>
    
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>jboss</id>
            <name>JBoss Release Repository</name>
            <url>
              https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/releases
            </url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
              <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>arquillian-junit-container</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian</groupId>
                <artifactId>arquillian-bom</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.1.Final</version>
                <scope>import</scope>
                <type>pom</type>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    
    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>test</id>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
               </activation>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.jboss.spec</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jboss-javaee-6.0</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.0.Final</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>provided</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.jboss.as</groupId>
                    <artifactId>
                       jboss-as-arquillian-container-managed
                    </artifactId>
                    <version>7.1.1.Final</version>
                    <scope>test</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.protocol</groupId>
                    <artifactId>arquillian-protocol-servlet</artifactId>
                    <scope>test</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </profile>
    </profiles>
  
</project>

arquillian.xml

<arquillian xmlns="http://jboss.org/schema/arquillian>
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://jboss.org/schema/arquillian http://jboss.org/schema/arquillian/arquillian_1_0.xsd>

    <container qualifier="jbossas-7-managed>default="true>
        <configuration>
            <property name="jbossHome>
               /Applications/jboss-as-7.1.1.Final
            </property>
        </configuration>
    </container>

</arquillian>

O caminho “/Applications/jboss-as-7.1.1.Final” é o local do JBoss na sua maquina.

Abaixo segue um teste persistindo o objeto pessoa, apenas para validação da configuração do Arquillian.

DbTest.java

@RunWith(Arquillian.class)
public class DbTest {

    @Deployment
    public static Archive<?> createDeployment() {
        return ShrinkWrap.create(WebArchive.class, "javaee.war")
                .addPackage(Pessoa.class.getPackage())
                .addAsResource("META-INF/persistence.xml");
    }

    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager entityManager;

    @Test
    public void persistTest() throws SystemException, NotSupportedException, 
      HeuristicRollbackException, HeuristicMixedException, RollbackException {
        
        Pessoa pessoa = new Pessoa("Pessoa 1");

        entityManager.persist(pessoa);

        assertNotNull(pessoa.getId());
    }

}